俄罗斯木质包装中杨树伞滑刃线虫的鉴定

宁波口岸从来自俄罗斯的杨树木质包装中截获一种伞滑刃线虫,经形态学和分子生物学研究,鉴定为杨树伞滑刃线虫。该线虫与伪伞滑刃线虫十分近似,主要鉴定特征是:阴门盖明显腹弯,近阴门盖后半部的虫体明显凹陷;雄虫交合刺近远端边缘平直,无明显凹陷,远端盘状突十分显著;雌虫尾亚圆柱形或近圆锥形,尾端多数呈多变的尾尖突状,偶尔几乎钝圆。该线虫人工培养后雌虫尾形多数介于圆柱形和圆锥形之间,这与原始文献的报道有差异。这是我国口岸首次截获该线虫。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

小麦秆锈菌新型小种Ug99的研究进展

Ug99(TTKS)为1999年在乌干达首次发现的秆锈菌新小种,对小麦抗秆锈病基因Sr31具有强毒力.此小种致病性极强,传播迅速,给全球小麦生产带来威胁.在肯尼亚用Ug99对我国118个小麦生产品种和材料进行抗病性鉴定结果表明,高感品种占98.3%.该小种一旦传入我国,将对小麦生产造成严重损失.笔者对国内外关于小麦抗Ug99遗传研究、抗病基因分子标记研究现状及我国应对措施进行了概述.     

The phytotoxicity of natural tetramic acid derivatives

Natural tetramic acid derivatives have attracted a great deal of interest of chemists because of their structural features and the broad range of biological activities. This paper focuses on five naturally occurring tetramic acid derivatives reported to have phytotoxicity and discusses their common structural characteristics. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

辣椒新品种鄂红椒108的选育

鄂红椒108是以HP03—2-1为母本、P03—1—1为父本配制的杂交一代。该品种中熟,第一花节位9～10节,果长15cm左右,果宽5．0em左右,果肉厚4．5mm,单果质量100g左右,青果色绿,红果鲜红,微辣,耐贮运,总产量52．5t／hm。左右。适于长江中下游地区作早春、延秋及高山地区红果栽培。     

育苗基质和穴盘规格对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响

本试验以辣椒亮剑为供试品种,选取5种营养型育苗基质和3种规格的穴盘育苗,在满足集约化育苗条件下的大棚进行试验．研究基质理化特性及不同处理辣椒幼苗的生长发育,筛选出最佳的育苗基质和穴盘规格。结果表明：选用基质A1的辣椒幼苗表现最好;辣椒育苗以A2（72孔穴盘）为宜。     

宁波检验检疫局多次截获非洲伞滑刃组线虫

2006年来,宁波出入境检验检疫局植检实验室曾多次从进境木质包装中首次截获并报道非洲伞滑刃组（africanus group）线虫,它们分别为非洲伞滑刃线虫（Bursaphelenchus africanus Braasch, Gu, Burgermeister, Brandstetter &; Metge, 2006）、伯氏伞滑刃线虫（B. burgermeisteri Braasch, Gu, &; Brandstetter, 2007）和欧斐切伞滑刃线虫（B. obeche Gu, Braasch, Zhen, Burgermeister &; Lin, 2008）。这些线虫均为作者最先截获。非洲伞滑刃组线虫的主要鉴定特征是：侧线4条;尾乳突7个（第3对和第4对靠近并位于交合伞起始处,第3对略位于第4对前并更靠近腹面）;交合刺较直,中部有横纹,冠状体愈合（基顶和喙突不明显）,远端无盘状突;后阴子宫囊约占肛阴距1 /2。目前尚无关于该组线虫媒介昆虫及致病性的报道。     

种衣剂中不同浓度杀虫剂成分对玉米苗期生长的安全性评价

选择克百威、丙硫克百威和丁硫克百威3种杀虫剂作为种衣剂有效杀虫成分,每种杀虫剂设置1%、2%、3%、…10%共10种浓度梯度,春天播种期进行玉米包衣播种,20 d后调查苗期植株的根长、根数、叶数和株高,验证3种杀虫剂不同浓度对玉米苗期的生长安全性。结果表明：在10%浓度以下,3种杀虫剂进行种子包衣处理,玉米苗期生长均未产生药害,植株生长正常。